Why The Sacrifices?

1 Corinthians 5:7 states that Messiah is our Passover, and John declares, "Behold the Lamb of G-d who takes away the sin of the world!" (John 1:29)  If Messiah is our Passover, what was the need for the annual Passover lambs that had been killed for the previous 1500 years?

Contrary to popular Christian myth, the Jews were never saved from their sins or even given temporary forgiveness as a result of animal sacrifices.  Hebrews 10:11 tells us animal sacrifices can never take away sin.  There was not a dispensation for the Jews with animal sacrifice and a dispensation for Christians with Messiah as their sacrifice.  Salvation is found in Messiah alone (John 14:6, Acts 2:22-39), and only He came to take away sin (1 John 3:5).

So why the sacrifices?

The Exodus

The answer to this question takes us back to the story of the Exodus.  Here is a quick review:

• Although Israel had done nothing to merit it, G-d brought plagues against Egypt so they would let His people go (Exodus 11:1).
• G-d brought the Israelites and a "mixed multitude" (Exodus 12:38) out of Egypt "with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm" (Deuteronomy 5:15).
• G-d brought them through the Red Sea (Exodus 14) and the wilderness to Sinai (Exodus 19:1).
• At Sinai, He offered them the Torah (a national "wedding covenant"), which they accepted and said, "All that the LORD has spoken we will do!" (Exodus 19:8).
• Since they were to be "married", G-d desired a place to "dwell among them" (Exodus 25:8).  Consequently, several chapters of the Torah instruct them about how to build and furnish a holy place, a tabernacle [Hebrew: משׁכּן, mishkan] for G-d.
• At the end of the book of Exodus, we see that they had completed the Tabernacle as commanded (Exodus 40:17-33).

Once the Tabernacle was completed, Scripture tells us:

Then the cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of the LORD filled the Tabernacle.  Moses was not able to enter the tent of meeting because the cloud had settled on it, and the glory of the LORD filled the Tabernacle.  (Exodus 40:34-35)

Why couldn't Moses enter the tent of meeting?  He had been in and out of it for hours or days while constructing it.  What was different about the tent that prevented Moses from entering it at this point?

The difference was that the physical manifestation of G-d's glory and presence was now in the holy place they had prepared for Him.

The Glory of G-d in the Tabernacle

Wait a minute... Moses had been up on the mountain in the presence of G-d for 40 days (Exodus 24:18, 34:28).

Twice!

G-d had hidden Moses in the cleft of the rock (Exodus 33:18- 34:8) and passed before him.  Moses had already been in the presence of G-d, so what was different about G-d's presence in the Tabernacle?

When G-d's glory appears, the "weight" of His presence brings men to their knees.

Exodus 40:34 tells us the "glory" [Hebrew: כּבוד, kavod] of G-d filled the tent of meeting.  The Hebrew word kavod comes from a root word [כּבד, kavad] that means "heavy" or "abundance".¹  The weight of G-d's presence in the tent of meeting was so great that not even Moses could enter!  We often see in Scripture that when G-d's glory appears, the "weight" of His presence brings men to their knees  (Isaiah 6:5, Revelation 1:17).

The Hebrew word שכינה [shekinah] comes from the root word shakan, which means "to settle down, abide, or dwell".²  G-d's dwelling presence was in the midst of the Israelites in the Mishkan, but nobody could get in!

After we read in Exodus 40 that not even Moses was allowed to enter the tent of meeting, what is the very next thing we find in Scripture?

Leviticus chapter 1!

Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, 'When any man of you brings an offering to the LORD, you shall bring your offering of animals from the herd or the flock.  If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he shall offer it, a male without defect; he shall offer it at the doorway of the tent of meeting, that he may be accepted before the LORD.  (Leviticus 1:2-3)

G-d provides the Israelites with instructions on how to enter into His presence!  

But why do they need special instructions for that?

We should consider that a person cannot come in contact with a 50,000-volt live wire unprepared and expect to escape unharmed.

Similarly, the Israelites could not expect to come in contact with the glory of the Living and Eternal G-d without the proper preparation.  After all, G-d is holy, holy, holy!

Like electricians need thick gloves, boots, and clothing to insulate them from the 50,000-volt wire that could kill them if mishandled, the Israelites also needed a covering to protect them from G-d's awesome presence.  The "protective covering" that G-d provided for them was "the blood of bulls and goats".  That blood did not remove their sin, but it provided a covering for their sin to allow them to enter into G-d's presence.

Think about Nadab and Abihu, Aaron's sons.  They attempted to approach G-d with "strange fire" and were killed (Leviticus 10:1-3).  Scripture does not indicate that G-d was angry at them and smote them (like He did with Uzza and the ark in 1 Chr 13:9-10).  They just suffered the consequence of approaching G-d's holiness unprepared.  Just like a 50,000-volt live wire isn't angry with the persons it kills, they are dead nonetheless.

Moses makes the point clear in Leviticus 10:3: "It is what the LORD spoke, saying, 'By those who come near me I will be treated as holy...'".

So what about the blood of bulls and goats... did that save them or somehow grant the Israelites forgiveness? 

Forgiveness of Sins

1 John 1:9 tells us, "If we confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness."

This declaration of G-d's faithfulness and righteousness was 100% true when John recorded it in the first century. 

This same declaration is true for us today.

We know this declaration is valid throughout all time (including the time of Moses!) because G-d never changes (Malachi 3:6, James 1:17).

Consider the days of Noah and Abraham, Moses and Joshua, and David and Solomon.  How were people saved and forgiven their sins in those times?  They were saved by grace through faith (Ephesians 2:8), confessed their sins, and G-d forgave them and cleansed them of all unrighteousness... just as He always has.

What was different during the times of the Tabernacle compared to now?

G-d was present with the Israelites in a very physical and tangible way.  Rather than lifting their prayers to an invisible G-d seated in the heavens, the Israelites could walk down the street to where G-d's presence physically and visibly dwelled.

Israel was given the honor of meeting with G-d physically and tangibly.

Sinful and unclean as they were (as we all are!), they were not allowed to enter G-d's presence unprepared.  G-d had ordained an entire tribe to serve the Israelites and prepare them to physically meet with G-d: the Levites and the Aaronic priests.

The priests walked them through the steps required to prepare them to come before the tent of G-d's presence, where they could confess their sins.  If they did so in faith, then they were forgiven.  G-d knew their penalty would be paid as the result of the work of the Messiah.  Indeed the names of those who are saved and belong to Him were written from the foundation of the world in the book of life of the Lamb who has been slain (Revelation 13:8).

Rather than having the "burden" of having to perform the sacrifices, Israel was given the honor of meeting with G-d physically and tangibly, which we today are not (yet!) permitted to enjoy.

Sacrifices In the Kingdom

Isaiah 56:6-8, Zechariah 14:16, Jeremiah 33:15-18, and Ezekiel 43:18-46:24 all indicate that animal sacrifices will be a part of the future millennial reign of Messiah.  In addition, the Ezekiel passage (beginning in chapter 40) details the Temple and its sacrifices during that time. 

If Messiah is our Passover Lamb (1 Corinthians 5:7), why will we need a Passover lamb sacrificed in that future Temple?

If Messiah is our sin offering (Romans 8:3), why will we need a sin offering sacrificed in that future Temple?

They will be necessary for the same reasons they were initially necessary: the sacrifices will enable those in the flesh to enter into the holy presence [kavod] of G-d dwelling in the future Temple.

Oh, LORD, may You hasten that day!

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