636- Arabs took control of Land of Israel from the Byzantines.

August 4,1278- Jews were ordered to attend conversion sermons, delivered by Christians, according to an edict issued by Pope Nicholas III.

August 7, 1941- The Nazis murdered 407 Jews of Zhitomir (western Ukraine).

July 28, 1942- The Nazi SS murdered 10,000 Jews in the ghetto of Minsk, Byelorussia.

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